소변유기산검사 해석 2. 탄수화물 대사

ref) NYU med edu.com

fx med

1. Glucose is generally metabolized into pyruvate. and it then enters the Citric acid cycle(Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) via a dehydrogenase enzyme.
2. In anaerobic condition. pyruvate is metabolized into lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) which convert pyruvate into lactate, vice versa
   1. $$ \text{Pyruvate} + \text{NADH} + \text{H}^+ \rightarrow \text{Lactate} + \text{NAD}^+ $$
   2. $$ \text{Lactate} + \text{NAD}^+ \rightarrow \text{Pyruvate} + \text{NADH} + \text{H}^+ $$
   3. Both processes need the NAD+ which is made by Vitamin B3(Niacin)
3. To metabolize both Lactate and pyruvate into acetyl-CoA (which is called pyruvatd dehydrogenase complex, PDC) needs Vitamin B1(thiamin), B3(Niacin), B5(Pantothenic acid), and Lipoic acid.
   1. If not sufficient pyruvate and Lactate may build up and become elevated.
   2. $$ \text{Pyruvate} + \text{CoA} + \text{NAD}^+ \rightarrow \text{Acetyl-CoA} + \text{CO}_2 + \text{NADH} $$
   3. The coenzymes mentioned above all work together tightly coordinated manner.
      1. Thiamin converted into thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) - decarboxylation of pyruvate
      2. Niacin is a precursor for NAD+
      3. Pantothenic acid is a component of Coenzyme A(CoA)
      4. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase component of the PDC. it facilitates the transfer of the acetyl group to CoA and also helps in the regeneration of enzyme complex.
   4. Also the CoQ10 is not involve the LDH and PDC process but is recommended for high Urine lactate.
      1. which is to support mitochondrial function, enhance energy metabolism, provide antioxidant protection, and may help reduce symptoms associated with metabolic dysfunction.

ref) OrganixSM Profile Interpretive Guide CHO = Carbohydrate